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Messages - Piscator

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1
Lets Talk Curry / Re: Great tip for Tikka marinade.
« on: July 13, 2016, 07:48 PM »
Hi Robbie,

In a nutshell yes -the best way to illustrate the importance of air in relation to taste (posh terminology = retronasal olfaction) is to hold you nose and eat something.

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Lets Talk Curry / Re: Great tip for Tikka marinade.
« on: July 13, 2016, 05:31 PM »
By blending the marinade you are creating a homogenous mix of the acids contributed from the yoghurt, pataks paste and lemon juice which will help to get the flavours into the meat (as opposed to a poorly blended mix which might not result in uniform flavours).
Atmospheric air contains 21% oxygen whether you are indooor or outdoors - the role of retronasal olfaction in flavour perception is a much more in depth conversation however.

3
Hi Jamie,
Yes the stuff used in good places is Fior di Latte ("flower of milk") and it's made specifically for melting on a pizza. Nearly all of the stuff in supermarkets is made with a moisture content of between about 50 - 55% but the pizza stuff is made at about 45 - 50% (usually nearer the lower end of the spec). It doesn't sound like a lot of difference but the way it behaves when melting is quite surprising.

The stuff on the deli counter will almost certainly be made at the higher moisture level.

The mixed grated stuff is closer but the cheddar they mix it with is normally a seriously young and bland cheddar to keep costs down. The mozzarella trade is a crazy business, lots of "Italian" mozzarella  actually begins life in Ireland at a creamery that produces the curd which is then shipped to Italy where it is stretched and packaged before being shipped back here!

If you can find cows milk mozzarellla as a grated product on its own it will be the lower moisture stuff and you can then add something with a bit more personality.

The places that I know of making a good pizza Fior di Latte sell it into the restaurant trade rather than retail to the public. If you're serious about mozzarella I can put you onto someone I know that does a very good product but you'd need to buy at least 10kg and with courier costs I'd be surprised if it was worth it for home use (that would make a lot of pizzas).

Freezing before grating will certainly make this easier and mozzarella freezes quite well.

4
Hi Guys,

Sadly the mozzarella you buy in liquid at the supermarkets is made to a different recipe than the stuff intended for cooking on a pizza. Pizza mozzarella is often a cows milk cheese made to a lower moisture content than the stuff in liquid (a weak brine solution) - the stuff in liquid is intended to be eaten as it is so they make it softer with more moisture trapped in the curd,  which is why even if you let it drain it will still not work too well. As a result of the moisture level it doesn't behave the same when melting and will usually give you a soggy pizza as well as tending to scorch more easily.

The grated stuff in the bags is closer in specification but to keep costs down it sometimes gets cut with analogue which is a plant based substance that looks and feels like cheese but hasn't got much if any taste.

Look out for a shredded dry mozzarella on its own and check the ingredients list - apart from some starch to stop it sticking together, there shouldn't be any other ingredients. That would give you the  best chance of success.

5
Hints, Tips, Methods and so on.. / Re: Flavour Enhancers
« on: May 22, 2016, 08:22 PM »
Hi Mike,
Yes - trained as a food scientist with just over 20 years in the industry working with a wide range of foods including red meat (abattoir, cutting and retail), dairy (milk, cheeses, butter, ice-cream, yoghurt, millkshake and various others), fruit and beverages.

Nice avatar  8)

Sorry Garp  :o

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Hints, Tips, Methods and so on.. / Re: Flavour Enhancers
« on: May 22, 2016, 06:36 PM »
Brilliant Piscator.  :)

Perhaps you could enlighten us on the marination of chicken using either yogurt or lemon juice  ;)

To understand the process of marinating meat properly you need to understand a bit about the composition and structure of muscle, which is a pretty meaty topic  ;D (see what I did there) involving quite a bit of complex biochemistry.
In as simple terms as I can think to use - to imagine what muscle structure looks like, take both hands and hold them out in front of you with your palms facing you.
Now interlace your fingers so that your fingertips reach the second knuckle - this represents the muscle fibres. Muscles contract or relax by sliding the filaments - slide your interlaced fingers back and forth and you'll get the idea. This process requires energy - the ATP stuff I mentioned previously (see how this is coming together now?).
When an animal is slaughtered the supply of ATP runs out (how long this takes depends on certain reserves the animal had) - this results in the sliding filaments locking together and becoming fixed... normally known as rigor mortis. If you look at your interlaced fingers you will see that where they overlap the fibres are more dense and therefore the meat here is tougher. Ageing meat allows the fibres in the less dense bands to break down and weaken making the meat easier the shear in that region and therfore more tender.

As the ATP in the muscle runs out the pH in the meat drops to about 5.0.
Most natural yoghurt cultures these days are self limiting at a pH of about 4.3 - 4.5, whereas if you went back to the 80's, yoghurt cultures weren't selected for self limiting strains in the same way and tended to be slightly more acidic and tangy, probably tending to run closer to 3.8 - 4.0 or slightly lower depending on the fermentation conditions used.
Freshly squeezed lemon juice has a much lower pH at around 2.0.

Both yoghurt and lemon juice work in the same way by using their acidic pH to break some of the cross links and open up the fibre structure and let the marinade into the meat. Lemon juice needs less time to do the job than yoghurt as it is much more acidic but both essentially do the same thing to the meat.

I'm not getting drawn into any debates, just explaining what is happening  ;)

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Hints, Tips, Methods and so on.. / Re: Flavour Enhancers
« on: May 22, 2016, 10:29 AM »
Anyone know how a flavour enhancer works ???????????????? ::)

Yes, sort of... in the case of "meatiness" and monosodium L-glutamate (MSG) there is a synergistic relationship with inosene monophosphate (IMP) that results in an intensifying of meaty flavour perception, but the mechanisms behind this aren't too well understood (flavour science is quite a complicated area). MSG doesn't have much of a taste on it's own but when combined with IMP in equal mesaures it tastes about 20 times stronger.
In muscle tisssue, chemical energy is present as a molecule called adenosine triphosphate or ATP.
After death the ATP degrades by losing a phosphate molecule to become adenosine di-phosphate or ADP - this in turn loses another phosphate to become adenosine mono-phosphate or AMP.
The AMP molecule breaks down further by losing an H2O and NH3 resulting in the formation of the IMP molecule. Basically it is the interplay between the MSG/IMP that is responsible for promoting the perception of meatiness.

With me so far? Phew  :o

In adddition, coooking meat also leads to the formation of compounds such as methyl furanolone as a product of heating IMP and other ribonucleotides and these also have a pronounced meaty odour and contribute to the sensation of meatiness.
Glutamate and IMP are present in lots of foods but some have more than others - for example parmesan can typically contain about 1200mg per 100g of MSG and tomato juice about 260mg per 100g - this is the basis for their use in bolognese type sauces. Typically beef and pork contain about the same levels of IMP but beef contains roughly twice the level of MSG.

Sorry it's a bit heavy going - but you did ask  ;D

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